Wednesday, September 16, 2015

Conditional sentences - Information and practice

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

If Clause Type 0
if + Simple Present, Simple Present


  • Type 0 indicates what happens, every time a certain situation is given. 
  • It reflects a fact or general truth, so it’s in general likely to happen.

Examples:
If you reduce your costs, you obtain more profits.
If your customers phone your company, the receptionist answers the phone.

If Clause Type I
if + Simple Present, will-Future


  • Type I indicates what will happen, provided that a certain situation is given.
  • It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.

Examples:
If you send your order by fax, we will deliver the goods immediately.
If you invite me for lunch, I will help you with your presentation.

If Clause Type II
if + Simple Past, would + infinitive


  • Type II indicates what could happen if a present situation were different.
  • It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.

Examples:
If we had more employees, we would work more efficiently.
If we delivered poor quality, we would not be the leading company in our business.

If Clause Type III
if + Past Perfect, would + have + past participle


  • Type III indicates what could have happened in the past if a situation had been different then.
  • It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.

Examples:
If you had read the paper, you would have seen the advertisement.
If I had taken the bus, I would have been late.

Complete the sentences.


  1. If your conditions are competitive, we (place) _____ an order immediately. 
  2. Whenever the photocopier (be)  _______  out of order, we have more photocopies than ever to do.
  3. If I had more time, I (do)  _______  a course in business English. 
  4. If we had known more about their culture, negotiating (be)   _________ easier. 
  5. If you (customize) ________ your CV, your chances of getting a job will be better. 
  6. If there (be) _________ a fire, you call the fire brigade.
  7. We (cancel)  ________ our order if you don't deliver the goods by Friday. 
  8. If Brittany (speak) ________ better English, she would apply for a job abroad. 
  9. If you (tell) ________  me about the problem, I would have helped you. 
  10. As long as our customers (remain) ________  loyal to our brand, we don’t see any problems ahead.
  11. I (let) ________ you know if I weren't satisfied. 
  12. If you execute the order carelessly, they (place / not) ________ another order with you in the future. 
  13. If I were you, I (worry / not) _______ about the presentation. 
  14. Our company would improve its sales if our prices (be) _______ more competitive.
  15. We wouldn’t have gone bankrupt if we (listen) ________   to our financial advisors sooner.
  16. Unless you (press) _________ that bottom, the machine doesn’t work.
  17. We will set up another meeting on condition that the main point of discussion (be) ________ outsourcing our production.

C

Passive voice - Practice 1

The exercise below offers more practice with Passive voice.


Passive voice - Practice

The following exercise provides practice for Passive voice.




You can find more practice in this link.

Tuesday, September 15, 2015

Passive Voice

Passive Voice is a grammatical construction used in many different languages.
To form the Passive Voice in English we need two verbs, an auxiliary verb, in this case BE and a main verb which makes the meaning of the message clear, used in the Past Participle form.

Example:  The window IS CLEANED every Sunday.

We notice that the auxiliary BE is conjugated in the Simple Present, so it becomes IS.
The main verb in this example is the verb CLEAN, but we use the Past Participle form, so it becomes CLEANED.

We can form passive sentences in any verb tense.  The changes in the tenses are marked by the verb BE.  That is to say that it is the auxiliary BE which makes all the changes to express verb tense, but the main verb is always in the Past Participle form.

Example:  The window IS CLEANED every Sunday.
                The window WAS CLEANED last Sunday.
                The window WILL BE CLEANED next Sunday.
                The window HAS BEEN CLEANED every Sunday since I remember.
                The window IS BEING CLEANED right now because it is Sunday.

Et cetera.

You can find more information about the Passive Voice and practice in this link.


"Wisdom is only found in truth."
(J. W.  Goethe)